RESUMO
Actinobacteria are major producers of antibiotics, industrially significant enzymes and many pharmaceutically important biologically active compounds. Twenty two actinobacterial strains were isolated from fresh water stream sediment samples of Murlen National Park, Mizoram, India. The actinobacterial strains were screened against antifungal pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium udum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum ciceri and Fusarium graminearum), and antibacterial activities against five bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) and a yeast pathogen Candida albicans. All strains showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and F. proliferatum. Based on the results of antagonistic, antibacterial and anti-yeast, two most potent strains Kocuria sp. and Streptomyces intermidus were further evaluated for their antibiotics susceptibility activity against 21 different antibiotics. Kocuria sp. showed resistance to 10 antibiotics whereas Streptomyces intermidus was resistance to 15 antibiotics. Modular genes Polyketide Synthase (PKS II) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) were also detected in these two strains, which might be responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. Two volatile compounds, Di-N-octyl phthalate and 1-Bromo-3, 7-Dimethyloctane were identified from the extract of Streptomyces intermidus BPSWAC29 strain using Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study highlights the promise of discovering novel actinobacteria with antimicrobial activity from underexplored niche biotopes such as fresh water stream sediments.
RESUMO
Background: The study was conducted in the mortuary of Babu Jagjivan Ram Memorial Hospital, Jahangir Puri, North-West district, Delhi to determine the frequency and epidemiology of violent asphyxial deaths in that region, in relation to age and gender variation. Duration of study: Autopsies conducted during January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013. Methods: Out of 2479(two thousand four hundred seventy nine) medico legal deaths autopsied at B.J.R.M. Hospital Delhi, during the study period, details were collected for those medico legal deaths identified to be due to violent asphyxial deaths. Results: 219 out of 2479 medico legal deaths were identified to be violent asphyxial deaths, making incidence rate 8.83%. There were 149(68.03%) males and 70(31.97%) females. Male predominance was seen in all asphyxial deaths except manual strangulation and smothering. Hanging and drowning were leading causes of violent asphyxial deaths. Conclusions: This study concludes that immuno-toxicity by cypermethrin insecticide is not similar in male and female subjects.